TOPIC 10 – RELATIVE CLAUSE
A – THEORY
I. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend`s son.
—» I need to meet the boy who is my friend`s son.
II. WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I know the girl. You spoke to this girl.
—» I know the girl whom you spoke to.
*NOTE: (mẹo làm bài) Đứng sau đại từ quan hệ
who thường là một động từ, còn sau đại từ quan hệ whom thường là một danh từ làm chủ ngữ của 1 câu
III. WHICH: thay thế cho vật, đồ vật. Vừa làm chủ từ, vừa là túc từ trong MĐQH.
EX: - She works for a company. It makes cars.
—» She works for a company which makes cars.
IV. WHERE: thay thế cho nơi chốn: there, at that place,... . Làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
EX: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
—» The movie theater is the place where we can see the films.
V. WHOSE: thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật ( his-, her-, its-, their-, our-, my-, -`s )
EX: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
—» John found the cat whose leg was broken.
VI. THAT: thay thế cho người, vật. Làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend`s son.
- She has a car that is made in Japan.
*NOTE: ( quan trọng, cần chú ý )
* Không được dùng that trong những trường hợp:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không đã xác định
EX: - Mary, ( who / that ) sits next to me, is good at maths.
—» Mary, who sits next to me, is good at maths. ( Không được dùng that )
+ Sau giới từ:
EX: - The girl to ( whom / that ) I was talking yesterday is my sister.
—» The girl to whom I was talking yesterday is my sister. ( Không được dùng that )
* Bắt buộc dùng that trong những trường hợp:
+ Sau danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật:
EX: - I saw a lot of people and vehicles that were moving to the market.
+ Sau những danh từ ở dạng so sánh nhất
EX: - Yesterday was one of the hottest days that I have ever known.
+ Sau những cách nói mở đầu bằng ` It is/was...`
EX: - It is the teacher that is important, not the kind of school he teaches in.
+ Sau `all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody,...`
EX: - Answer all the questions that I asked.
VII. WHY: thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do: for that reason.
EX: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
—» Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
VIII. WHEN: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that time, on that day....
EX:- Do youremember the day. We fisrt met on that day.
—» Do you remember the day when we fisrt met ?
*NOTE: ( bổ sung thêm )
- Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which khi nó là túc từ ( tân ngữ ) trong MĐQH chưa xác định, không được dùng với mệnh đề đã xác định
EX: - I know the boy whom you spoke to.
—» I know the boy you spoke to.
(Mệnh đề tính ngữ đã xác định có dùng dấu phẩy)
B – EXERCISE
Connect two sentences using relative clause:
We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
Last year we
People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
The people
We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
We first
Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan Doyle
Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake
Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
Loch Ness
There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
An old man
We then traveled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.
We then
The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
The